Neurofeedback

What Is Neurofeedback?

Neurofeedback is a type of biofeedback that allows you to train your brain to move into a more balanced and healthier state. This involves the use of an encephalogram (EEG) to assess brain wave activity and patterns. Brainwaves offer valuable information regarding overall brain function, such as stress levels, emotions, and thinking patterns.

Scientists have identified the following 5 primary brainwave frequencies:

• Gamma: These brainwaves are associated with heightened awareness, cognitive processing, and memory.

• Beta: This state is usually linked to strong focus and attention, problem-solving, and other conscious mental tasks.

• Alpha: These brainwaves are typically associated with alert relaxation, such as during meditation, and with calm and peaceful feelings.

• Theta: If your mind is wandering or you’re daydreaming rather than consciously directing your thoughts in a mental task, you’re likely in a theta state. This state can produce free-flowing creativity.

• Delta: These brainwaves are associated with deep, dreamless sleep.

Neurofeedback provides an interactive way to attain a healthier, more balanced state of mind depending on your needs. Whether you need to activate your brain or calm it down, neurofeedback can help you do it. The changes it produces in the brain are long-term.

Benefits Of Neurofeedback

Neurofeedback And Psychological Problems

Decades of research point to benefits of neurofeedback for a variety of psychiatric, cognitive, and behavioral issues, including:

• ADD/ADHD: Increased sustained attention, improvements in impulse control, and enhanced behavior are among the benefits noted in those with ADD/ADHD, according to a 2021 systematic review.

• Addictions: Research has shown reductions in cravings and relief from withdrawal symptoms for people with addictions. One study found that neurofeedback improved abstinence rates in people with addictions one year following treatment.

• Anxiety disorders and stress: A growing body of evidence, including a 2021 study, points to reductions in anxiety and stress that last beyond the treatment period.

• Autism spectrum disorder: A 2015 study on children with autism who underwent neurofeedback therapy showed improvements in communication, cooperation, attention span, and sensory-motor skills, as well as reducing aggression.

• Bipolar disorder: Neurofeedback helps people with bipolar disorder, which is characterized by dramatic mood swings, develop better emotional control.

• Chronic pain: A systematic review published in 2020 indicates generally positive results from neurofeedback treatment on pain intensity and pain frequency for people with headaches, fibromyalgia, and other pain conditions. However, the researchers suggested that further investigation is needed to draw definitive conclusions.

• Depression: Findings from a 2021 meta-analysis reveal that neurofeedback is associated with self-reported reductions in depressive symptoms. The authors indicate that brain biofeedback therapy may be an effective complementary adjunct to treatment for major depressive disorder.

• Memory problems: In a 2021 study, Japanese researchers found improvements in episodic and semantic long-term memory following neurofeedback therapy.

• OCD: When scientists performed a 2019 systemic review of existing research on neurofeedback for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders (body dysmorphic disorder, trichotillomania/hair-pulling, hoarding, and skin-picking), they found beneficial effects. However, they emphasized a need for additional research and improvements in the methodology used in studies.

• PTSD: Communication and connectivity within the brain is disrupted in people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A 2020 study in NeuroImage: Clinical found that neurofeedback helped PTSD sufferers restore healthy brain connectivity patterns. Study participants reports significantly decreased severity of PTSD symptoms, and these improvements remained at a 3-month follow-up. In fact, over 61% of those doing neurofeedback training no longer met the criteria for PTSD following treatment.

• Traumatic brain injuries/concussions: A 2017 overview of the use of neurofeedback in the treatment of TBI survivors found that preliminary data suggest reductions in attention problems, mood issues, and symptoms related to mindfulness. The review also found that people experienced increased motivation for treatment.

Other clinical issues that have been found to have positive benefits from neurofeedback include behavioral disorders, phobias, schizophrenia, sleep problems, and premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

How Neurofeedback Works